Recently, I have had occasion to think about animal sacrifice. The occasion is reading early anti-Mormon literature (I’ve been trying to add a component of identity negotiation to my cultural history, so have recently invested several hours making my way through various nineteenth-century texts). One accusation leveled by various critics is that Joseph Smith either engaged in or encouraged animal sacrifice. As I tried to inhabit the minds of these critics (and their intended audiences), I saw them struggling not just to enforce Christian orthodoxy (Christ had ended sacrifice by being the final sacrifice; the apostles encouraged early Christians to abstain from pagan animal sacrifices), but to play with rising early Victorian squeamishness about animals and slaughter. Thus by accusing Smith of animal sacrifice they both established his heterodoxy and made him exotic and dangerous. Modern anti-Mormons often operate from a similar perspective, in my experience.
Reading these accounts have returned my mind to the early 1980s when we were all convinced that actual Satanists formed a cabal every weekend night in the woods and sacrificed chickens as they chanted (I suspect they were in actuality 16-year-old boys telling crude jokes, smoking stolen cigarettes, and drinking Wild Turkey, but such was the tenor of the times). I think most of us now associate animal sacrifice with precisely these types of people, or worse with the sociopaths who torture non-human beings en route to heinous crimes against humanity.
There are at least two other models of modern animal sacrifice, though. Read the rest of this entry »