Conference Prep #4: Mother in Heaven. Or not.

Well, since Jonathan Green and James Olsen blew this out of the water (thanks guys) it’s much shorter. That’s probably a good thing. So here’s the final post in the series. Which opens the way for another series on the Seventy. Fair warning.

Pulpit scripture comes with varying valence. As promised in part 2, here is some (nearly?) canonical pulpit scripture.

A recent issue of BYU Studies (vol. 50/1) contains an article regarding Mother in Heaven. David L. Paulsen and Martin Pulido present an informal descriptive bibliography (not an exhaustive one) on the subject to show that Latter-day Saint sermons and writings are not silent (and mostly do not advocate silence) on the subject. They present references from Latter-day Saint speakers and writers from the 1840s to the present. The authors catalog these Mormon discursions under the rubrics of

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Right, Wrong and Absolute Truth

What is the meaning of this:

That which is wrong under one circumstance, may be and often is, right under another. God said thou shalt not kill,—at another time he said, thou shalt utterly destroy. This is the principle on which the government of heaven is conducted—by revelation adapted to the circumstances in which the children of the kingdom are placed. Whatever God requires is right, no matter what it is, although we may not see the reason thereof till long after the events transpire.

The earliest appearance of the statement comes in the Sangamo Journal of 19 August 1842, as part of an article by disaffected Mormon, John C. Bennett. Bennett claimed that this statement (and the letter it was a part of) was written by Joseph Smith. How seriously should we take such a document? And what do you think of this statement?

Conference Prep #3. Or, the High Councilor’s Nightmare.

In this part I’m going to focus a little more on Christian preaching in Joseph Smith’s time but first I want to take a final stab at the last post. There I briefly mentioned the thinking that the Standard Works are superior to pulpit scripture, the latter to be measured by the former. While I said that in modern times this idea might be traced to Joseph F. Smith and James E. Talmage, it had a much earlier adumbration in Orson Pratt. Pratt’s value system for Mormon doctrine pressed into service the early revelations of Joseph Smith. It seems clear that he ranked those revelations, published in the Doctrine and Covenants in Smith’s day, as superior to the innovative preaching of Nauvoo (I’m excluding private teachings). Indeed, he seems somewhat ignorant of that preaching, or perhaps saw it as speculative (see for example his discourse of Feb. 18, 1855, JD 2:338). In the internal discussions regarding doctrine among the apostles in Utah, Pratt tended to favor the written Word (as he saw it) over the cosmological declarations of Brigham Young, say. (Think: Adam.) Pratt was no exception to the rule that every generation reinterprets inherited texts to situate itself — but for him the elasticity of scripture was just not generous enough to accommodate the necessary rereading of the Old Testament and the revelations.

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Truth

In 1851, young Mormon Apostle (and British Mission President) Franklin Dewey Richards did a remarkable thing:
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Conference Prep #2. Pulpit scripture and canon Scripture

I have some continuing interest in antebellum American sermon culture and this post examines some legacies of early Mormonism on the topic of sermons. Protestants of the era inherited an ongoing question over the status of the pulpit. Where do sermons fit into the rule of faith? The issue was most touchy in the more severe “Bible Alone” strains of Protestantism and one can see the same concern in Protestant debates over creedal statements and confessions or the likes of the Book of Common Prayer. On the other hand, even though the early Latter-day Saints were liberals regarding “revelation,” the relationship between pulpit and scripture in Mormonism was a curious one and bore a resemblance to that cautious calculus surrounding the subject among conservative Protestants.[1]

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Joseph Smith as Preaching Platform

This is the first in a series of posts on General Conference.

During the upcoming October conference, we are likely to hear Joseph Smith quoted. I’m always curious to see what material surfaces in these contexts. It’s just that our sensibilities about texts have changed over the last 200 years and we annotate, edit and valorize reliability in ways that print cultures of the past did not do. Our Church print culture has been powerfully traditional, with one generation taking from the previous one, rarely returning to sources.
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Fun with the Joseph Smith Papers, Revelations and Translations Vol. 2.

If you haven’t seen any of the Joseph Smith Papers Project volumes, then I want to draw your attention to the excellent materials available in the volumes in addition to the actual source documents themselves. I’ll take one example from Revelations and Translations vol. 2, which contains instances of the Book of Commandments and the 1835 Doctrine and Covenants in facsimile (I mean scans of a sort). The volume editors (Robin Scott Jensen, Richard E. Turley, Jr. and Riley Lorimer) offer the following thoughts on page xxv:
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General Authority Stats

At the recent Richard Bushman symposium (June 18, 2010) in honor of his 80th birthday, I noted that Armand Mauss was going to speak to “Rethinking Retrenchment: Course Corrections in the Ongoing Campaign for Respectability.” I was planning to be there for his talk, but arrived late. But before that, I had decided to read through his 1994 book “The Angel and the Beehive” since the title of his talk is related to issues discussed in the book. While looking at some the analysis in the book related to General Authorities of the church, I became curious about certain details regarding the current group of GAs – GOs (General Authorities, General Officers (Aux.)).
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Uncle Louis

As a young child I knew I had several male relatives, but outside the immediate family, my paternal grandfather and my Uncle Louis, I really didn’t have much to do with them. My mother’s brothers were basically all out of the picture for one reason or another, while my father’s family was whittled down by death to my Uncle Louis and my aunt who shall remain incognito.
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Boundaries

In honor of TR’s birthday.

For many human beings, there are boundaries of behavior, thought and speech not usually crossed. We may perceive them as sheer underwater cliffs where dangers lurk, or simply as self-drawn chalk lines on the infield of life. We may draw those lines in response to instruction from respected sources or perhaps some reasoned/seasoned or intuitive understanding. We may draw them based on painful experience. We draw them in society and fill prisons with those who feel it is necessary or worthwhile to violate the contract. Our helplessness as infants and caution as elders draw them for us. Birth and Death paint red boundaries which we have crossed or do cross at our peril. They’re not visible from the field. They’re in the access tunnels, just out of the light.
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The Attraction of the Familiar: Scriptural Revelation

The notion that “all the answers are found in the scriptures” is an idea I’ve heard expressed in the church on many levels and times. I think this and some variations on it are commonly stated themes in assorted Church settings.[1] We can even find this kind of anchor text belief about just the Book of Mormon alone. It’s all you need.
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Your Sunday Brunch Special #5. Block Meeting Schedule.

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Office of the First Presidency
February 1, 1980

To all General Authorities, Regional Representatives, Stake, Mission and District Presidents, Bishops and Branch Presidents.

Dear Brethren:
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Your Sunday Brunch (Before-After Church) Special (#4). Utah Artist James T. Harwood, 3: Painting, Marriage and Marriage.

So far (see parts 1, and 2) I’ve told some of the story of James T. Harwood’s parents and in particular his father, who played a rather large role in the way James T. saw the world, and particularly Mormonism both as institution and proximate realization.
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The Mythic Joseph Smith

Joseph Smith’s 19th century Utah editors held him in high regard, not necessarily for his personal perfection, but for his standing as opener of ancient mysteries, restorer of forgotten salvific lore and authoritative purveyor of power to defeat death, hell and the Devil.
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Europe on a Shoestring

Early in my teens, my mother and her sister got the idea that they should take ship to England and pick up my aunt’s daughter who was serving a mission in Scotland. I got drafted as guardian, being a robust youth. Not really. I think Mom worried about my fate in the hands of my brothers and father in her absence. Wise woman. There are many tales of this trip and I won’t bore you with most of them, but I will offer you a few.
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The Constitution Hangs by an Umbilicus

Smart people make more money.
Smart people don’t reproduce.
High intelligence is genetic.
Dumb people make less money.
Dumb people reproduce a lot.
The rich get richer because there are less of them.
The poor get poorer because there are more of them.

Slacker Educated Mormon Men need to get married.
Gradually, smart Mormons,
(who reproduce a lot)
will take over all positions in the US Gov. requiring
high intelligence.
The constitution is saved.

Corollary. The Devil fought polygamy, not Joseph Smith.

Easter Sermons

The first day of the week cometh Mary Magdalene early,
when it was yet dark, unto the sepulchre,
and seeth the stone taken away from the sepulchre.

Christian holidays like Easter and Christmas were not widely celebrated in the United States during Joseph Smith’s lifetime. Such anniversaries were associated with Catholicism, and much of Protestant America saw them as symbols of “popery” and pagan in origin.[1]
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The Value of a Sermon Critical Edition, Part 5.

Here is part 4.

Bibliographical disciplines have divided up into various specialties and during the last several decades the dominant Anglo-American textual theories have splintered into a variety of approaches modeled on various ideas with roots ranging from multivalued and fuzzy logics to epistemology, philology, physics, biology, etc., which coexist in some tension.[1] This means that no matter what approach a critic or editor takes he or she is bound to fall victim to a thrashing by somebody. The good side of this is a wide open field for expression. One hopes that *someone* likes the result.

This time I want to give a few examples of various ways texts are presented. These will range from classical presentations where the editor is concerned with laying out both editorial decisions and the available alternatives, to a clear text format where the presentation records a smooth, clean (easily quotable) grammatically correct text whose relationship to manuscripts or other editions is essentially hidden from the reader or if not that extreme, at least annotation is placed in back matter.
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Ethics of Criticism in the Church Redux-Sort of

Church culture generally eschews public criticism/correction with the principle becoming better outlined over the last 150 years or so. In post-1890 Utah, Church leaders were going through some growing pains over politics and the establishment of a two party system. To even out the voting pattern, they actively campaigned on the Republican side. The result was hurt feelings all around and worst of all (in President Woodruff’s opinion), flamboyant political rhetoric made it’s way into public discussions between Church leaders on the campaign trail. It took some time for this to dampen out and political views are mostly held incognito now – in terms of party. But places remain in the institution where criticism is leveled, anonymously mostly, at other Church members and sometimes it’s pretty virulent.
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Dog vs. Missionary

As a missionary for The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, I often served in rural areas where the dog population sometimes seemed to equal the human presence. Our mission abounded with dog stories. I mean these were nearly universally unpleasant but often humorous. Generally, they were not for the consumption of the dog-loving folk and I learned from my parents who became dog lovers late in life that criticizing nearly any aspect of our canine brothers can be perilous. I hope that the subject is not in breach of good taste, but given the season (missionary reunions, etc.) I thought it might provide a little entertainment. I shall offer a few fairly tame stories, but I suspect it may stimulate something more radical. I hope it does, actually.
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The “New” Articles of Faith

In 1907, in an effort to put in place a picture of Mormonism for a 20th century audience, the Church, by common consent, approved a list of beliefs as well as explanation and confirmation of a transitioning Mormonism.[1] That effort may have had some impact within the Church, but its lasting effect as a new public direction in doctrine was minor in terms of its traction outside the Church and especially in the collective memory of the media, such as it was. [Read more...]

The Attraction of the Extreme

Phoebe Palmer diary (1847):

After class, went to see Mrs. Pillow, who has lately returned from the residence (of months I believe) among the “Shakers.” She had become so far deluded, during her residence with them, that she renounced all earthly obligations to her husband and family, and the pursuasions of a kind husband were unavailing, in urging her return. His only alternative was to take out a writ, and demand her person by law.
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Your Sunday Brunch Special (#3). Utah Artist James T. Harwood, 2: Early Utah Economics and Excommunication

Ok, so for this one, you can eat while you read. <grin>

We continue our exploration of the late James Taylor Harwood and his relation to Mormonism. [Read more...]

Your Sunday Brunch Special (#2). Utah Artist James T. Harwood, 1: The Reluctant Pioneer.

If you have spent much time with Latter-day Saint illustrated literature you have probably seen images of this painting:

Come Follow Me

The artist was James Taylor Harwood (1860-1940). Harwood’s story is interesting and Mormon-related if for no other reason than his LDS commissions to produce religious works like the one above (Come Follow Me – commissioned by the Deseret Sunday School Union) but it’s more interesting than that. To understand Harwood’s story, it is necessary to understand his parent’s and so we begin with James Harwood, James Taylor’s father.
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Ethics of Criticism in the Church

Brigham Young offered this instruction in the spring of 1844:

If a man preaches anything in error, pray to God that no man may remember it any more. No Elder will correct another in public before unbelievers unless he has the sinking principle. I call all the Elders together to witness that I always use charity, for it covers a multitude of sins. Let us obey the proclamation of Joseph Smith concerning the Elders going forth into the vineyard- to build up the Temple- get their endowments

The “sinking principle” was explained by Brigham as follows:

the speech and conduct of Elders, one towards another — one Elder will speak evil of another and when you undertake to trample on another you will sink yourself. [such] a man has [the] sinking principle [1]

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The Ward Party

Social events in wards[1] have enjoyed a checkered history. The dance parties of the 19th century seem to mostly be ghosts of the past, while the Relief Society Bazars and Budget Dinners of the 20th century are dead but I want to talk here and now. I’ll go first.

Last evening we had our annual food-bash, a tradition begun by an Elders Quorum President a decade or so back called “Taste of the 10th” (we’re in the 10th ward). In this exercise of culinary perspicacity the men of the ward are supposed to reveal (or maybe exorcise) their metrosexual bas and cook a dish or bring a salad or dessert and everyone gets to sample the eats. We have some ethnic stuff going on which is pretty good and a few artists whose contribution is anticipated every year.

Anyway, consider this a request to reveal your ward party secrets of success (or failure if you want). Do you actually still do something by tradition that everyone looks forward to as a kind of Mormon rebonding or something? Whatever it is, spit it out. Worst or best or funniest.

———————
[1] Just in case you are unfamiliar with the term, a “ward” in Mormon parlance is the fundamental congregational unit. Something like a parish.

The Value of a Sermon Critical Edition. Part 4.

[Part 3 is here.]

The terminology used in textual studies has changed as the philosophy of the nature of texts has changed and it also varies depending on the methodological branch being considered. So, I’m going to avoid the technical language as much as I can. Also, I’m leaving out a lot, believing that brevity is the soul of something or other.

The idea of reconstructing a text from fragmentary sources is an old one. In early biblical studies the process of attempting to move from fragments of early manuscripts to an autograph or something near it became known (1885) as “lower criticism.” The idea could be applied to other ancient texts or modern ones. But the study of texts since the 19th century, originally obsessed with the idea of actually rebuilding the autograph, or original text, has changed, methodologies bifurcating in the process.

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Countersteering

Every elementary school student learns how to add, subtract, multiply and divide. Well, some people object to teaching this sort of thing, but let’s suppose it’s true. The rules for addition, etc. are well known, and seem natural. Induction is a little different and most students have trouble grasping it, even though its basis is quite simple: every subset of the counting numbers has a least member. For example, {10, 5, 150, 47, 3}. Obviously, the least member here is 3.
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Axiom of Choice

“Choice and Accountability.” We hear the phrase frequently and if you are a veteran of the LDS Young Women’s program, you’ve probably heard it a lot. The two go together, since you can’t be accountable for a decision, unless you have true alternatives to choose from, and your choice is not completely determined by circumstance outside yourself. I’m compressing and there are fine points here, but that’s how most would see it I imagine.
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Soundtracks

I have a habit of falling for movie (and TV) soundtracks. Not the whole schmere, just some parts that other people seem to hardly notice.[1] I give you a few examples that flip my bic:
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